Lime, cement, or like kiln.



l.' ISSERLIS. LIME, CEMENT, 0R LIKE KILN,

(Application filed May 7, 1901.) (No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet I.

'No. B9l,|45. Patented 3am. I4, I902. v

Fifi. Fly 5.

WITNESSES: INVEN 05 A TTOHNE Y3.

THE NORRXS vrrzns cc. FHOTOLITHOHWASHINUTON u. c. I

' No. 69l,l45.. Patented Ian. l4, I902.

I. ISSEBLIS.

LIME, CEMENT, 0B LIKEKILN.

Application filed May 7, 1901.)

(No Model.) a Sheets Shet 2.

% WIT NEW I I W ML' 'ATTORNEYS.

Patented Jan. I4, I902.

I. ISSERLIS.

LIME CEMENT, 0B LlKE KILN;

Application filed m 7, 1901.

" No. 69I,|45.

(No Model.) 3 sheets-Sheet 3.

H v Q -A/ w I- y1[ C IE \ylky 22%g I @811; I

WITNESSES; INVENTO R f/ ATTORNEYS-Q FFlC ATENT ISSAI ISSERLIS, OF KIEWV,RUSSIA.

LIME, CEMENT, OR LIKE KILN.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 691,145, dated January14, 1902.

Application filed May 7, 1901. Serial No. 59,114. (No model.)

To 00% whom, it may concern:

Be it known that I, ISSAI ISSERLIS, engineer, a subject of the RussianEmperor, residing at 12 Kostelnaja, Kiew, Russia, have invented certainnew and useful Improvements Relating to Lime, Cement, or Like Kilns; andI do hereby declare the following to be a full, clear, and exactdescription of the invention, such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

Kilns or pit-furnaces for burning lime, cement, and the like andprovided with generator or gas furnaces are ordinarily constructed witha circular section and with the generator-heartl1s disposed radiallyfrom the center. This type of kiln although having certain advantagesover other forms also has the serious disadvantage of enabling only acomparatively limited production to be effected, and the daily capacityof the kiln can only be increased by enlarging the diameter of the pit.It is, however, well known in practice that kilns of large diameter givevery unsatisfactory results for the reason that the centrally-situatedmaterials within the kiln do not become fully burned, owing to the factthat-the-heating-gases are unable to penetrate far into the material andthat therefore a the lime contains many portions which areinsufficiently burned. Practice has shown, in fact, that kilns having alarge diameter produce less, comparatively, than those of smaller size,and the materials produced in the former are of low quality, andtherefore cannot commandagood market price. Moreover, the large kilnsrequire considerably more fuel for heating in proportion to the out put.This type of kiln of circular form is only suitable for a dailyproduction of about twelve thousand kilograms of lime. \Vhen a largerproduction is required, the well-known l-Iofmann furnace in the form ofa ring or rows is adopted, which is capable of a daily production offrom thirty-six to forty-eight thousand kilograms, although it has manydisadvantages, among which may be mentioned the high cost ofconstruction, largely-increased consumption of fuel, and large spacerequired. Moreover, the product comes into contact with the fuel and isthus rendered impure and is often surrounded with slags, in the samemanner as the products of the old form of pit-furnace, while constantand careful attention is required in order to prevent thecombustion-channels from collapsing.

Now it is the object of this invention to combine all the advantages ofthe generator pit-furnace and those of the llofmann furnace, Whileentirely avoiding their disadvantages.

According to this invention I arrange two parallel longitudinal wallsand two parallel rows of generator or gas hearths immediately connectedwith the pit.

In order that my invention may be readily understood and carried intoeffect, I will describe the same fully with reference to theaccompanying drawings, in which Figure 1 is avertical section taken onthe line A A of Fig. 3. Fig. 2 is a longitudinal section taken on theline B B of Fig. 3. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section taken on the line C Oof Fig. 1. Fig. t is a similar section taken on the line D D of Fig. 2.Figjisa section taken on the ne lrE-vof Fig. 2, and Fig. 61% a plan of akiln constructed in accordance therewith.

The kiln is shown in the drawings as having four compartments, each ofwhich is capable of a daily production of about twelve thousandkilograms of lime, so that the improved kiln has a daily capacity ofabout forty-eight thousand kilograms of lime. This production may beeasily increased by providing additional compartments, as is indicatedby the dotted lines o c in Fig. 3, when the kiln would have a capacityof about seventy-two thousand kilograms per day, and in the same mannerthe kiln could be made to have a capacity of any desired quantity perday. Therefore the kiln is unlimited with regard to capacity, and it isevident that tlllS'fl improved kiln yields a greater production than thelargest Hofmann or ring furnace.

The limestone is introduced at the upper end through side doors a or aa, and the finished lime after having cooled in the kiln is dischargedthrough the lower doors I) b b b b b 19 b Each of the compartments I IIIII IV is heated by the generator-gases from two opposite hearths c 0The air for burning with the generation-gases is introducedselling-price of the product.

through ventilators in the doors I) and b As the air has to pass throughthe burned and hot lime-pieces in the cooling-space to the channels d,it will itself become warm, while at the same time cooling the finishedburnt lime. The fuel is introduced from aboveinto the furnaces throughthe apertures ee. generator-hearths are fitted with iron boxes in theash-pit adapted to .contain water.

For the purposes of removing the slags the following arrangement isprovided: An auxiliary grate is temporarily slid over the slags, so asto retain only the fuel. The ordinary grate is then withdrawn, so as toallow the slags to fall into the water contained in the box of theash-pit.

The ash-pits of the generator-hearth are provided with air-tight-closingdoors, so as to permit of the perfect regulation of the airsupply intothe generator-hearths.

ff f are so-called sight-holes covered by tight-closing cast-ironcovers. They serve for examining or inspecting the combustion processand also when blowing down the kiln to knock over any attached burnedpieces, so

as to obtain a uniform setting of the contents- The exhaust gases orgases of combustion are conducted off from each compartment bya brickchimney, each of which latter receives the gases from twocompartments,as is clearly 40 shown in thedrawings.

' upper part QLLQQ kilns there are cross-walls g g for the purmsc Ofgiving strength to the structure. These cross-wall connect the entireupper half of the kiln to an entire whole structure. For still furtherincreasing the solidity of the structure a number of iron longitudinaland cross-bars b b are provided, the ends of which latter are fixed inchannel-iron anchoring-bars lo 71; on the exterior.

The interior of the entire kiln is furnished vhas the followingadvantages: The cost of construction is about half or even less thanthat of a Hofmann kiln of the same productive capacity, which is animportant feature in so far as the interests and amortisation of thestarting capital have great bearing on the Furthermore, the improvedkiln requires less fuel than a Hofmann furnace, as will be readilyadmit- The ted on examining the cross-section on theline A A Fig. 1, inwhich the refrigerators at the bottom are filled with finished burntlime, which is cooled by the air drawn in for combustion, the zone ofthe highest'temperature being slightly above the inlet-passages from thegenerator-hearths. Lastly, the chambers are freshly charged at the upperpart, andthese fresh charges are heated by the fluegases.

By proportioning the height of the refrigerator to the passages it iseasy to make the path of the combustion-gases from the said passages tothe end of the kiln as long as in the Hofmann furnace, with the soledifference that in the improved pit-furnace the gases travel upward,while in the Hofmann furnace they are forced to travel in a horizontaldirection and only afterward ascend in the chimney. Consequently thetemperature of the exhaust-gases in the improved kiln is lower. Thisagain leads to a further advantage, viz: In the Hofmann furnace eachchamber is separately heated and then entirely cooled at the dischargeand afterward again heated. In this manner a material portion of theheat from the fuel is wasted, owing to the alternate heating and coolingof the walls of the kiln, which does not occur in the improved kiln, asthe heated con-tents remain in this condition during the wholeoperation. Moreover, the mp d k n a he a a tag at the Side Walls may e bught clo er t g the by c esp nd ngly n s g t e n th w t out reducing thearea of cross-section, and thus produce an intimate veonnmingling of thegases and flames with the air for the combustion process, which it isimpossible to efiect in the I-Iofmann furnace, in which the size of thechambers is generally so large as to prevent a Very high and intensetemperature being obtained. Although at present the Hofmann furnace isbuilt for the plrpose. of obtaining the same result by providing aseparate hearth for each chamber, they are more expensive in fuel and intheir construction.

As the improved pit-furnace or limeki'ln is provided with agenerator-hearth, it will be possible to burn any convenient kind offuel,

especially the cheaper f uels-such as turf, bi=

tuminous coal, and the like-which it is impossible to use in the Hofmannfurnace.

IIO

The improved kiln is of very compact design, and therefore occupieslittle room and is cheap to build.

I clairn-- 1. A limekiln, consisting of a plurality of mpa tm nts u icang a the lower ends and each provided with a chimney in the upper end,feed-doors in said chimneys, discharge-doors at the base of saidcompartments, and oppositely-arranged hearths in said compartments,substantially as set forth.

2. A kiln, consisting of a plurality of compartments lineally arrangedand having op+ posite side walls in proximity, said compartmeans forsupplying fuel to said hearths, subments communicating at their lowerends, a stantially as set forth. 1o chimney provided at the upper end ofeach I In testimony whereof I affix my signature compartment, afeed-door-therein, dischargein presence of two witnesses.

doors at the base of the kiln, hearths oppo- ISSAI ISSERLIS. [L. 3.]sitely arranged in each compartment, fire- Witnesses:

grates and auxiliary grates provided in said LEON LIPSCHITZ, hearths, aliquid-containing ash-pan, and

BOLEXTAV SKOVRONSKI.

